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There are several labyrinths in Finnmark. There is one on the island
of Kjeøya at the mouth of Kjøfjord and one on Holmengrå
at the mouth of Jarfjorden. There is also one at the mouth of the
Tana River and one in Magerøysundet. The dating of these
labyrinths is uncertain, but it is believed that they date back
to the period between 1000 and 1600 AD. The labyrinths consist of
stones laid out in a pattern. There is an outer opening you can
walk through, and if you follow the paths formed by the stones you
will end up in the centre of the labyrinth. The labyrinths are all
located near the sea and in places which are regarded as rich fishing
grounds.
In his book on North Norwegian history, Bjørnar Olsen presents
the theory that the labyrinths were used in connection with burial
ceremonies. Traces of burial sites have been found near them. Olsen
thinks that during burials the Noaidi (shaman) would perform
rituals involving the labyrinth. The period in the labyrinth symbolized
the transition between life and death. It is known that during the
historical period in question, the Sami people entered the European
market economy through the establishment of Norwegian fishing villages
along the coast of Finnmark, and Russian monasteries were also set
up. In this situation, the construction of labyrinths can be seen
as an intensification of symbolic production, with the aim of building
up internal solidarity at a time when the Sami people were under
pressure from outside.
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